Quod Erat Demonstrandum

十一月 16, 2008

F.2 Mathematics: factorization by cross method

Filed under: Junior Form Mathematics — johnmayhk @ 6:20 pm
Tags: ,

Factorize

x^2 - 5x - 6.

By using the cross method, students may give the following two ‘possible answers’.

A. (x - 2)(x - 3)
B. (x + 1)(x - 6)

The correct answer is B. Some students may opt for A because the expression in A could give (so-called) the middle term -5x. However, the constant term in A is +6 (not -6, the correct one), hence A is not the answer.

Setting this type of question may remind students of the importance of checking the constant term.

Other examples like

x^2 - 13x - 30 =

A. (x - 3)(x - 10)
B. (x + 2)(x - 15)

x^2 - 15x - 54 =

A. (x - 6)(x - 9)
B. (x + 3)(x - 18)

Correct answers to the above are B. But some students may get it wrongly.

To set up such kind of questions, just consider two expressions:

(x - a)(x + b)
(x - c)(x - d)

All we need is setting

ab = cd and a - b = c + d

Yield

(c - b)(d - b) = 2b^2 – - – - – - (*)

Then, we may put different positive integral value of b and evaluate c, d and finally a.

Just give an example.

Put b = 7 (say), by (*),

(c - 7)(d - 7)  = 2\times 7\times 7

Just take c - 7 = 7 and d - 7 = 2 \times 7, thus

c = 14, d = 21 and hence a = \frac{14 \times 21}{7} = 42

Hence we have two expressions

(x - 14)(x - 21) \equiv x^2 - 35x + 294
(x + 7)(x - 42) \equiv x^2 - 35x - 294

having the same ‘middle terms’ with constant terms differing in sign.

Of course, this article is rubblish once we have set program in calculators.

10個回應 »

  1. 宜家覺得最恐怖係
    聽見小學都用計數機教乘數
    唔使諗乘數表

    Comment by 溟天凱 — 十一月 16, 2008 @ 6:29 pm | Reply

  2. 唔係 fai….
    想當年….. 媽媽指出九因歌是中國的國粹之一
    之後在籐條輔助下,乘數表我當年背背下就識了 =_=”

    幾年前已有報導指外國的小朋友乘數根底薄弱…
    仲唔到毒瘤像金融海嘯般殺到香港… = =

    假若未來的主人翁 foundation 禁差….
    佢地幾時先可以成為 “真正” 的主人翁?不解。

    Comment by Ricky — 十一月 17, 2008 @ 3:18 am | Reply

  3. 我幫就讀小學五年級的侄兒看數學功課時,知道他是用心算的。

    「理解」是重要,但相信「背誦」也有一定的正面作用。背誦國寶級文物「九因歌」,除了有助學習乘數,相信在小朋友的腦袋中,或多或少會產生某些網絡連繫(嗯,吹水的,手上沒有科學實證),腦部得以成長,對學習新事物或有所裨益(我用「或」,因為那是憑空猜測的。)

    用一月、二月、三月等等,在某程度上比 January,February,March 更易於讓小朋友掌握。以英語來學乘法,可能較用中國人的「九因歌」困難。這個「國技」,絕對有保留的價值。

    Comment by johnmayhk — 十一月 17, 2008 @ 1:10 pm | Reply

  4. “或多或少會產生某些網絡連繫..”
    從認知心理學角度上 (記憶),這是有可能的。

    至於是如何,小弟只知皮毛…
    不敢在各高人前亂拋書包。
    還望高手指點。

    Comment by Ricky — 十一月 17, 2008 @ 7:33 pm | Reply

  5. 真是有一間中學的數學老師,教學生用 program 計算 factorization 的題目,說用 cross method 浪費時間云云,留待中四時才學好了!

    Comment by — 十一月 22, 2008 @ 6:17 pm | Reply

  6. 中二學 cross method?

    Comment by W — 三月 25, 2009 @ 5:27 pm | Reply

  7. Yes, nearly all methods and identities (including a^3 + b^3 , a^3 – b^3) about factorization are taught in F.2 in my school.

    Comment by johnmayhk — 三月 25, 2009 @ 5:59 pm | Reply

  8. 唔知可唔可以在cross-method中用分數or小數點?

    Comment by Lam Ho Hung — 十月 28, 2009 @ 5:29 pm | Reply

    • Cross method 的目的是因式分解。

      比如要因式分解

      x^2 - 2.7x + 0.4301

      你又厲害到,在沒有二次公式或/和計算機的幫助下,可以想到

      0.4301 = 0.17 \times 2.53

      從而得到

      x^2 - 2.7x + 0.4301 \equiv (x - 0.17)(x - 2.53)

      那麼 cross method 為何不能出現小數?

      但如果同學用計算機的程式,進行以下的因式分解:

      10000x^2 - 27000x + 4301

      計算機顯示了

      0.172.53

      從而同學誤以為

      10000x^2 - 27000x + 4301 \equiv (x - 0.17)(x - 2.53)

      的話,那當然是錯。

      (注:正確是 10000x^2 - 27000x + 4301 \equiv 10000(x - 0.17)(x - 2.53) \equiv (100x - 17)(100x - 253)

      又例如,你可以 cross method 分解

      x^2 -2x - 1

      如果你厲害到,在沒有二次公式或/和計算機的幫助下,可以想到

      -1 = (1 + \sqrt{2})(1 - \sqrt{2})

      從而得到

      x^2 -2x - 1 \equiv (x - 1 + \sqrt{2})(x - 1 - \sqrt{2})

      那麼 cross method 為何不能出現無理數?

      注:題目應要說清楚容不容許 \sqrt{2} 在答案中出現。

      Comment by johnmayhk — 十月 28, 2009 @ 8:42 pm | Reply

  9. 我而+中二教identity and fatorization 都冇教cross method-.-我想學ah-.-

    Comment by warren — 十一月 1, 2009 @ 4:06 pm | Reply


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